Schaechter's Mechanisms of Microbial Disease provides students with a thorough understanding of microbial agents and the pathophysiology of microbial diseases. The text is universally praised for "telling the story of a pathogen" in an engaging way, facilitating learning and recall by emphasizing unifying principles and paradigms, rather than forcing students to memorize isolated facts by rote. The table of contents is uniquely organized by microbial class and by organ system, making it equally at home in traditional and systems-based curricula. Case studies with problem-solving questions give students insight into clinical applications of microbiology, which is ideal for problem-based learning.
The relationship between rheumatic diseases (RA) and microbial components has been elucidated. It was found that joint inflammation did not develop in germ-free conditions in animal models of human spondylarthropathy in HLA-B27 transgenic rats or in B10.BR mice [125,126]. Rheumatic arthritis patients had significantly reduced fecal carriage of Bifidobacteria and Bacteroides fragilis. Obesity may be a factor in the aetiology of RA. Increased LPS uptake through the gut lumen to other tissues occurs in obese murine models, and enhanced systemic exposure to LPS could increase the risk of RA [127].
Schaechter Mechanisms Of Microbial Disease Pdf Free 16
Download Zip: https://ssurll.com/2vJfcY
Reviewer: Richard Goering, PhD (Creighton University School of Medicine) Description: This the fifth edition of a book recognized for its presentation of medical microbiology and immunology. The book is well designed, with introductory chapters considering more basic information including principles of host defense, followed by chapters specifically addressing bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic agents. The final section provides a systems-based overview of these agents in infection. The previous edition was published in 2007.Purpose: Intended for use in courses for students in the health professions, the book successfully explores medical microbiology and immunology using a three-part presentation: principles, infectious agents, and pathophysiology of infectious diseases. This presentation makes the book adaptable for a variety of learning contexts, including organism-based and systems-based educational approaches.Audience: The intended audience includes medical, allied health, graduate and/or advanced undergraduate students in medical microbiology and infectious diseases.Features: The book is innovative in providing a comprehensive overview of both fundamental and applied information. The three-part presentation works well and the tables and figures are excellent. Some of the chapters in the first part present a rather high-level subject overview. For example, chapter 4 does not thoroughly discuss gene transfer — transduction, transformation, conjugation — and chapter 5 could provide more in-depth discussion of specific antimicrobial agents and their microbial targets. In the organism-specific chapters the clinical cases with questions (answers at the back of the book in Appendix A) are well done and should enhance the learning process for students who take advantage of them. The quick reference summary tables in Appendix B should also be of help to professional students who may feel overwhelmed with learning material they need to master quickly. Overall, the book does an excellent job of accomplishing what it set out to do.Assessment: This is an excellent resource for its intended audience and will prove valuable for students seeking to understand this important and complex topic. The material is current and represents an important revision of the 2007 edition. The book is a worthy member of the group of quality medical microbiology texts such as Medical Microbiology, 7th edition, Murray et al. (Elsevier, 2013) and Mims' Medical Microbiology, 5th edition, Goering et al. (Elsevier, 2013).
In 2019, the United Kingdom, Albania, the Czech Republic, and Greece lost their measles-free status due to ongoing and prolonged spread of the disease in these countries.[118] In the first 6 months of 2019, 90,000 cases occurred in Europe.[118]
Fresh vegetables and fruits play an important role in human nutrition due to their high nutrient content of vitamins, such as vitamins B, C, K, and minerals such as calcium, potassium, and magnesium, as well as dietary fibre [7]. Fresh fruits and vegetables provide a healthy and balanced diet and can prevent chronic diseases such as heart diseases, cancer, diabetics, and obesity including several micronutrient deficiencies especially in developing countries [8]. Vegetables consumed raw are increasingly being recognized as important vehicles for the transmission of human pathogens [9]. As fresh vegetables are eaten raw or slightly cooked to preserve the taste and their nutrient contents, this serves as a potential source of various food-borne infections and disease outbreaks [10]. While there is an increase in global consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, this is greatly threatened by an upsurge of microbial contamination [11]. There is, however, a paucity of up-to-date knowledge on the epidemiology of microbial contamination, route, and sources of contamination of fruits and vegetables. This manuscript is, therefore, designed to review and synthesize existing literature to update the current knowledge gap and provide possible future technologies on food safety on fresh fruits and vegetables.
A well-organized review of microbiological literature on microbial contamination of fresh fruits and vegetables was conducted. It focused specifically on major and minor issues on the topic including information having a bearing on the topic. Articles in high impact journals were downloaded and used for the study. We search for studies conducted using the following phrases: microbial contamination of vegetables, microbial contamination of fresh fruits, microbial contamination of fresh fruits and vegetables, guidelines for reducing microbial contamination of vegetables, and diseases commonly associated with microbial contamination of vegetables.
Numerous studies revealed that outbreaks of diseases like typhoid fever, dysentery, diarrhoea, and even cholera are a result of the consumption of pathogenic microbes or their toxins, etc. [39]. This current study is, therefore, designed to review existing literature on microbial contamination of fresh fruits and vegetables. It will further access literature to establish the association between the identification of various pathogenic microbes and their attributes to food-borne disease outbreaks.
Since there is no bactericidal or killing agent for combating contaminations of spinach and lettuce with enteric bacterial pathogens such as E. coli and Salmonella spp., enterohemorrhagic during the harvesting, processing, and packing procedures, the pathogens tend to survive even better and stand the chance of human infection [39]. One particularly persistent pathogenic organism that can survive under harsh conditions including low temperatures (freezing conditions), low pH, and even high salt concentrations is Listeria. Listeria causes listeriosis, an uncommon disease but dangerous. Nonetheless, listeriosis accounts for about 30% death rate in comparison with other food-borne pathogenic microbes [93]. Fresh fruits and vegetables mostly have a higher risk of contamination during preparation, distribution, and storage [45, 49]. As a result, developing countries like Ghana where fresh fruits and vegetables are mostly produced by poor farmers who have little or no knowledge of food-borne illnesses will continue to face the challenge of contaminations [54].
In general, invertebrate microbial communities are relatively simple [9,10,11]. Although invertebrates are frequently exposed to an abundance of microbes within their habitats, very few bacterial species are found within their digestive tracts. Given that there is no difference in the number of microbial species present on the surface of vertebrates and invertebrates, it is clear that their simple composition of gut microbiota is due to symbiotic bacteria selection by the host [12]. Therefore, interactions between the host and gut bacteria and their mechanisms can be more readily elucidated in invertebrates. Furthermore, invertebrates provide numerous study opportunities for researchers because of their sheer abundance and diversity [13].
Since invertebrates live in almost every environment, there are an extraordinary number of host-microbial symbiosis cases that have evolved so that the host organisms can adapt to specific environments [14]. Studying the cases of various host-microbial symbiosis in invertebrates will provide a much better understanding of the various mechanisms by which microbes are involved in host in host development [15], adaptation [16] and even survival [17]. Conducting research on the composition of invertebrate gut microbiota and their determining factors is a prerequisite for understanding their symbiotic mechanisms.
There are relatively few studies that have explored the cephalopod gut microbiome. The gut microbiome of Octopus mimus was investigated using a 16S rDNA clone library [29] while the first cephalopod gut microbial analysis using next-generation sequencing was performed on free-living and captive Octopus minor paralarvae [30]. The microbial composition of the digestive tract, gills, and skin microbiome of Sepia officinalis was demonstrated in a recent study [31]. In this study, we characterized the microbiomes of six free-living cephalopod species (cuttlefish, beka squid, inshore squid, Japanese flying squid, common octopus, and whiparm octopus) belonging to three orders (Teuthida, Speiida, and Octopoda) and compared them with the microbiomes of other mollusks and marine fish. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first multi-species analysis of cephalopod microbiomes. 2ff7e9595c
Commenti